![]() ![]() The "Evaluate expression" option for the entire canvas has been removed.Show combined fraction bars and circles, without unit fraction subdivisions.New "angles" and "area" animations for polygons. Sonification for continuous function plots and for fraction circles.Increase maximum denominators from 32 to 64. ![]() Resize fraction bars and fraction circles. Option to display fraction bars and fraction circles without unit fraction subdivisions.Split algebra tiles into fractional tiles, horizontally or vertically.This article was first published online on 15 April 2020 and can be accessed here. This protractor is more useful for measuring the angle between adjacent walls and solid structures, links and joints as it is very hard to put a conventional measuring device in such places.Īshwini Kumar Sinha is an electronics enthusiast and tech journalist at EFYi. If you press switch S2, the stepper motor will start moving in opposite direction, and angle value shall start decreasing, which can be seen on the OLED display. As the needle starts moving clockwise, the angle moved with respect to the reference line is shown on the OLED display. Then power on the Arduino board and ULN2003A motor driver module. Testingĭouble check all the circuit connections, as any mistake might fry your costly components. When you press button S1, the moveable needle moves in clockwise direction until it reaches the desired position (the final line of angle). When the moveable needle rests on the reference line on the left side, the angle read is 0. The angle between the reference needle and moveable needle is displayed on the OLED display. The moveable needle can move in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction with respect to the fixed reference needle. A moveable needle is to be attached to the shaft of the stepper motor that is used for angle measurement. This needle can be placed on the bottom side of the protractor during calibration. A fixed needle or pointer is to be attached on the stepper motor parallel to 180-degree angle line of the protractor, which acts as reference line. The digital protractor can be calibrated by using a protractor mapped on a piece of paper as shown in Fig. 8: Principle of protractor needle movement The principle of protractor needle movement is shown in Fig. So let’s construct the digital protractor as shown in Fig. The same is defined in the code as shown in Fig. In this project, stepper motor takes 510 steps to complete one full rotation. In order to map the angle value of stepper motor, we need to know the maximum number of steps it takes to complete one full rotation. The magic happens here! When we put this code in loop function, the steps automatically get converted into angle. This is how the steps of motor are calculated.Īfter this, we need to convert the steps of motor into angle by using a map ( ) function. In this way, each time the motor moves a step, the number of steps automatically get added. This value is assigned to another variable named ‘previous,’ so the previous value is now 1 when the motor moves another step, the new value becomes previous value +1. When the motor moves one step, its value will change to 0+1. Suppose the initial value of the step variable is zero. Are you confused? Let me explain it in simple words. To do so, I have created a step variable that will store the previous value of stepper motor and go on adding one by one as the motor moves. To measure the angle, calculate the steps moved by the motor. When if ( ) condition in code says true, stepper motor moves one step and stays there until the condition turns false (which happens when the switch is not pressed). Next, create a loop function and include ‘if ( ) condition’ to check the state of the pushbutton. After this create a setup ( ) function, which is shown in Fig. Include stepper motor libraries and declare the variables needed to store different values as shown in Fig. After the successful installation of the required libraries, start Arduino coding. Install the ‘28BYJ_48’ libraries as shown in Fig. ![]() First, add relevant software library to Arduino IDE from Include Library as shown in Fig. The firmware (digital_protractor.ino) for this project is written in Arduino programming language. 1: Circuit diagram of digital protractor using stepper motorĪrduino Pro Mini connection details with the components are given under Table 1. A five-wire, unipolar stepper motor (28BYJ) is connected across the ULN2003A motor driver module. ![]() Switch S1 is used for rotating stepper motor in clockwise (CW) direction and switch S2 for counter-clockwise (CCW) direction. All the positive terminals (+) should be connected to 5V supply and negative terminals (-) to common ground (GND). The circuit diagram of digital protractor using stepper motor is shown in Fig. ![]()
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